In 1997-2006, we performed a field study in the Lublin region on the yields of oat. We analysed the yields of thirteen different oat cultivars, based on the soil properties and cultivation technique. The crop, forecrop, nitrogen dosage and variety were established based on interviews with farmers. Physical and chemical analyses were performed in the accredited laboratory of the Regional Chemical and Agricultural Station in Lublin. The following assays were made in soil samples from the 0-20cm layer: pH in 1 mol KCl dm^-3, particle size distribution with Cassagrande method as modified by Prószynski,  content of organic C with Tiurin method, content of available phosphorus and potassium with Egner-Riehm method, content of available magnesium with  Schachtschabel method, contents of  N-NH₄⁺ i N-NO₃^- with flow colorimetric method. Multivariate regression was performed with Statistica 6. Principal analysis (one-way ANOVA with Fisher confidence intervals α = 0.05) was performed after classifying nitrogen doses into six groups: N – without nitrogen fertilization, I – 1-25; II – 26-40; III – 41-55; IV – 56-70; V – above 71 kg N ha^-1. We found that nitrogen fertilization played a significant role and affected the yields of oat, with the highest yields at nitrogen doses above 71 kg N ha^-1. The yield was also statistically significantly related to the oat variety cultivated. We found positive correlation coefficients between the oat yields and nitrogen fertilization, the contents of nitrogen in the soil, clay parts, soil pH, and the content of organic carbon. These factors determined the variation in the oat yields in 33%.